Demographic changes5/16/2023 View the entire Redistricting and Changing Demographics in Key States series Attend the Brennan Legacy Awards Dinner.Advance Constitutional Change Show / hide.National Task Force on Democracy Reform & the Rule of Law.Government Targeting of Minority Communities Show / hide.Campaign Finance in the Courts Show / hide.Gerrymandering & Fair Representation Show / hide.Ensure Every American Can Vote Show / hide.The policy appears to have been effective, because a rise in the birth rate occurred even during the difficult years of Nazi occupation and Vichy France, culminating in the postwar baby boom years, when soldiers and prisoners returned to a climate of economic optimism. The deficit in national growth was so drastic by 1938 that France began to give monetary and other material benefits to families with children. Population growth was, of course, adversely affected by wars, including the wars of the Revolution the wars of the First Empire the Franco-German War (1870–71) World War I (1914–18), which cost France more than 1,500,000 lives and World War II (1939–45), which reduced the population by 600,000. Other factors may have included the rise of bourgeois individualism following the French Revolution of 1789, the decline of Roman Catholic observance (especially among the political left), and the lack of economic opportunity in the interwar years. The birth rate was particularly affected by the practice of French peasants who deliberately limited their families in order to reduce the effect of a Napoleonic law that required the splitting of the family holdings among all heirs. At the same time, the mortality rate in France began its decline somewhat later than in other advanced European countries, not falling until the close of the 19th century. The marked difference in population growth between France and some of its neighbours up to the 1940s was attributed to a falling birth rate. By 1936 the French population had increased by 50 percent, but in the same period the number of people in Italy and Germany had nearly trebled, and in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands the population had nearly quadrupled. In 1801 France was the most populous nation in Europe, containing about one-sixth of the continent’s inhabitants. The euro-zone crisis and the Socialist resurgence.Society and culture under the Third Republic.The Great Depression and political crises.Constitutionalism and reaction, 1815–30.The restoration and constitutional monarchy.The French Revolution and Napoleon, 1789–1815.The influence of Montesquieu and Rousseau.The growth of a professional bureaucracy.Economy, society, and culture in the 14th and 15th centuries.The age of cathedrals and Scholasticism.Economy, society, and culture in the Middle Ages ( c.French society in the early Middle Ages.The influence of the church on society and legislation.The development of institutions in the Carolingian age.The partitioning of the Carolingian empire.Austrasian hegemony and the rise of the Pippinids.The shrinking of the frontiers and peripheral areas.Gaul and Germany at the end of the 5th century.SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.100 Women Britannica celebrates the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment, highlighting suffragists and history-making politicians.COVID-19 Portal While this global health crisis continues to evolve, it can be useful to look to past pandemics to better understand how to respond today.Student Portal Britannica is the ultimate student resource for key school subjects like history, government, literature, and more.This Time in History In these videos, find out what happened this month (or any month!) in history.#WTFact Videos In #WTFact Britannica shares some of the most bizarre facts we can find.Demystified Videos In Demystified, Britannica has all the answers to your burning questions.Britannica Classics Check out these retro videos from Encyclopedia Britannica’s archives.Britannica Explains In these videos, Britannica explains a variety of topics and answers frequently asked questions.
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